The secondary antibody was a ready-to-use anti-rabbit poly HRP IgG (PowerVision, PV6118) and it was incubated with the slides for 30 min at room temperature.Īll the stained slides were scanned by Leica Biosystems Aperio AT2 Digital Pathology scanner (Leica Biosystems Imaging, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) at 40× magnification.
The slides were incubated with the rabbit monoclonal anti-human AR-V7 antibody (1:200, RevMAb Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA, catalog number: 31-1109-00) for 70 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody was a ready-to-use anti-rabbit poly HRP IgG (PowerVision, PV6118 Leica Biosystems, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) and was incubated with the slides for 30 min at room temperature.įor AR-V7 IHC, the antigen retrieval was done by placing the de-paraffinized slides in Antigen Unmasking Solution, Tris-Based High pH (H-3301) at 95☌ for 20 min. The slides were incubated with the rabbit monoclonal anti-human AR C-terminus antibody (1:200 Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, catalog number: SAB5500007) for 1 h at room temperature. The expression of AR-FL and AR-V7 protein were determined in post-ADT radical prostatectomy (RP) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) samples from 12 SCPC patients.įor AR C-terminus IHC, the antigen retrieval was done by placing the de-paraffinized slides in Antigen Unmasking Solution, Tris-Based High pH (H-3301 Vector Lab, Burlingame, CA, USA) at 95☌ for 40 min. In this study, we have developed and validated antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays suitable for evaluation of full length AR (AR-FL) and AR-V7 in primary SCPC specimens. However, detailed expression pattern of different AR isoforms in primary SCPC patients who received prior ADT remains poorly characterized. Resistance to ADT in prostate cancer is often associated with aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activities mediated by AR protein overexpression, AR gene amplification, mutation and emergence of constitutively active AR variants such as AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7). The widespread application of potent next-generation hormonal therapies such as enzalutamide and abiraterone may also lead to increased occurrences of treatment related SCPC. SCPC frequently lacks expression of androgen receptor (AR) and AR downstream target genes such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and often responds poorly to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
SCPC only accounts for 0.5%–2% of untreated primary prostate cancer at initial diagnosis, , but can present in up to 25% metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) autopsies.
Small cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) is a rare and highly malignant subtype of prostate cancer.
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